Tanya's Comprehensive Guide to Feline Chronic Kidney Disease

There are many symptoms of CKD and it can be a bit bewildering at times.
You may panic if you see a particular symptom and worry about how serious it is.
This page has an alphabetical list of symptoms, together with links to the usual treatments for that problem. Some of the treatments may vary, depending upon the cause.

How to Find The Symptom You Need

There are many symptoms of CKD, so it can be a bit bewildering at times. You may panic if you see a particular symptom and worry about how serious it is. This page therefore contains an alphabetical list of symptoms which can arise in CKD cats (lefthand column), together with links to more information for each problem (righthand column). As you can see, almost every symptom has a possible treatment.

Some of the problems may have more than one cause. If you do not know the cause in your cat’s case, look down the list to see if there are other symptoms that seem familiar. For example, your cat may have weak back legs but you do not know the cause. However, you also know that your cat is constipated and is having trouble holding his head up. Taken together, you would probably want to ask your vet to investigate the possibility of low potassium levels first.

If you are not sure, check out all possible causes of a particular symptom, and remember to see your vet for a proper diagnosis.

Symptoms and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

"Absences"
High potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Side effect of metoclopramide - rare	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

Alopecia (Pulling Out Hair)
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Always Hungry
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Anaemia
Lack of erythropoietin (hormone)	Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents
Infections or inflammation	Antibiotics (if bacterial infection)
Side effect of methimazole for hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Vitamin B deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins
Gastrointestinal bleeding	Waste Product Regulation Imbalances
Flea infestation	Flea treatments

Appetite Increase
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Appetite Loss
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Mouth ulcers	Mouth Ulcers Treatments
Excess stomach acid or nausea	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid
Alteration of sense of smell	Persuading Your Cat to eat - Warming the food
Dental problems	Dental Problems Treatments
Fluid retention or build-up	Fluid and Urinary Issues Treatments
Use of certain antibiotics	Antibiotic Choices
Constipation	All About Constipation
Side effect of methimazole for hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Ataxia (Lack of Co-ordination/Unsteady Walk)
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Constipation	All About Constipation

Symptoms and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Back Leg Weakness
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Diabetic neuropathy	Diabetes Treatments
Constipation	All About Constipation
Stroke (Hypertension)	All About Hypertension
Arthritis	Arthritis Treatments

Back Leg Weakness in One Leg Only
Arterial thromboembolism (Heart problem)	Arterial Thromboembolism Treatments

Bad Breath
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances

Bleeding After Subcutaneous Fluids
Nicked a small vein	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips

Bleeding Eyes
Hypertension	All About Hypertension

Blindness
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Use of Baytril, an antibiotic (rare)	Antibiotic Choices

Blood in Stools
Gastrointestinal bleeding	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances

Blood in Vomit
Gastrointestinal bleeding	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Mouth ulcers	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances

Blood in Urine
Urinary tract infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Hypertension	All About Hypertension

Body Odour
Body odour	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances

Bony Spine
Proteinuria	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis

Breathlessness
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments

Bumping into things (furniture, doors or walls etc.)
Blindness caused by hypertension	All About Hypertension
Blindness caused by use of Baytril (rare)	Antibiotic Choices

Symptoms and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Cannot Lift Head
Low potassium levels	All About Potassium
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins

Circling
Stroke (usually caused by hypertension)	All About Hypertension

Coat Colour Change
Ill health	May improve as cat is stabilised
Sunbathing	Untreatable unless you ban sunbathing

Cold Leg, Especially a Back Leg
Arterial thromboembolism (Heart problem)	Arterial Thromboembolism Treatments

Congestion
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Side effect of cyproheptadine (longterm use)	Persuading Your Cat to Eat
Dental problems	Dental Problems Treatments
Respiratory tract infection	Harpsie's Website

Constantly Hungry
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Constipation
Constipation	All About Constipation
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals
Side effect of phosphorus binders	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Side effect of iron supplements	All About Anaemia

Coughing
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments

Cracked Paw Pads
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances

Crackling Skin
Air in the subcutaneous fluids line	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Crashing
Crashing	Intravenous Fluid Therapy

Craving Ice or Snow
Anaemia	All About Anaemia

Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Dark Stools
Gastrointestinal bleeding	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Side effect of iron supplements	All About Anaemia

Defecating Outside Litter Tray
Constipation	All About Constipation

Dehydration
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances

Detached Retinas
Hypertension	All About Hypertension

Diarrhoea
Sudden change of food	Introducing New Foods
Use of potassium supplements	Potassium Imbalances
Use of certain antibiotics	Use of antibiotics
Overflow incontinence due to constipation	All About Constipation
Overtreating constipation	All About Constipation
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)	Harpsie's Website

Dilated Pupils
Hypertension	All About Hypertension

Drooling
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid
Mouth ulcers	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Dental problems	Dental Problems Treatments
Side effect of Cerenia	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid

Dry Stools
Constipation	All About Constipation

Dull Coat and Dandruff
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Lack of essential fatty acids	Essential Fatty Acids Supplementation
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Protein deficiency	The Downsides of Low Protein

Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Eating Grass
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid

Eating Litter
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Calcium Imbalances	Regulation of Minerals

Eating Ice or Snow
Anaemia	All About Anaemia

Enlarged Pupils
Hypertension	All About Hypertension

Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Fast Breathing
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments
Constipation	All About Constipation

Fast Heart Rate
Anaemia	All About Anaemia

Feeling Cold
Anaemia	All About Anaemia

Feeling "Squishy"
Air in the subcutaneous fluids line	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Feeling Warm or Hot
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Foamy Urine
Proteinuria	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances

"Forgetting" Hind Legs
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control

Fur Loss
Ill health	May improve as cat is stabilised

Fur Loss From Pulling Out Hair
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Fur Loss Around Neck
Food allergies	Harpsie's Website

Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Grinding Teeth
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Dental problems	Dental Problems Treatments
Osteodystrophy ("rubber jaw")	Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatments

Gurgling Stomach
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Hair Colour Change
Ill health	May improve as cat is stabilised
Sunbathing	Untreatable unless you ban sunbathing

Hair Loss
Ill health	May improve as cat is stabilised

Hair Loss From Pulling Out Hair
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Hair Loss Around Neck
Food allergies	Harpsie's Website

Head Hanging Down
Low potassium levels	All About Potassium
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins

Head Pressing
Hypertension	All About Hypertension

Head Tilt
Stroke (usually caused by hypertension)	All About Hypertension
Ear infection	Ask your vet about treatment options

Heavy Breathing
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Hiding
Feeling ill	May improve as cat is stabilised
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Hoarseness
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Hot and/or Red Ears
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Food allergies	Harpsie's Website

Hovering Over Water Bowl
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances

Howling
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Cognitive Dysfunction (Senility)	Cognitive dysfunction
Side effect of cyproheptadine (longterm use)	Persuading Your Cat to Eat
Side effect of mirtazapine	Persuading Your Cat to Eat
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Side effect of anabolic steroids	Use of Anabolic Steroids

Howling, Especially at Night
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Deafness	Untreatable

Hunched Over Water Bowl
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

I
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Inability to Hold Up Head
Low potassium levels	All About Potassium
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins

Inappropriate Elimination
Inappropriate elimination	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Incontinence	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Urinary tract infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Kidney infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Diabetes	Diabetes Treatments
Constipation	All About Constipation

Incontinence
Incontinence	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Inappropriate elimination	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Urinary tract infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Kidney infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Diabetes	Diabetes Treatments

Increased Appetite
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Seizures	Treatment depends upon cause - consider hypertension first
Diabetes	Diabetes Treatments

Increased Drinking
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances

Increased Urination
Fluid therapy	Fluid Therapy

Increased Urination at Night
Low potassium level	Potassium Imbalances
Side effect of calcitriol	Use of Calcitriol for Secondary Hyperparathyroidisml

Itching
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Vitamin B6 deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins
Lack of essential fatty acids	Essential Fatty Acids Supplementation
Side effect of methimazole for hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Itching (May Also Pull Out Hair)
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
J
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Jerking
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Waste Product Regulation
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
High potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Vitamin B6 deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

Jerking, Especially Head
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals

Jerking During Subcutaneous Fluids
Type of fluid used e.g. Normosol	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
Using cold fluids	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips

K
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Keeping Close to You
Feeling ill	May improve as cat is stabilised

"Knuckling"
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
L
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Lack of Co-ordination in the Limbs
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control

Lethargy
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
High potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Lethargy After Subcutaneous Fluids
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments

Licking Concrete
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Calcium Imbalances	Regulation of Minerals

Licking Food, Then Walking Away
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid
Mouth ulcers	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances

Licking Ice or Snow
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Calcium Imbalances	Regulation of Minerals

Limping
Arterial thromboembolism (Heart problem)	Arterial Thromboembolism Treatments

Lip Licking or Lipsmacking
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid

Litter Eating
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Calcium Imbalances	Regulation of Minerals

Litter Sticking to Feet
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances

Loss of Appetite
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Waste Product Regulation
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Mouth ulcers	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Excess stomach acid or nausea	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Alteration of sense of smell	Persuading Your Cat to eat - Warming the food
Dental problems	Dental Problems Treatments
Fluid retention or build-up	Fluid and Urinary Issues Treatments
Use of certain antibiotics	Antibiotic Choices
Constipation	All About Constipation
Side effect of methimazole for hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Loss of Hair
Ill health	May improve as cat is stabilised

Loss of Meow
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Loss of Sight
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Use of Baytril, an antibiotic (rare)	Antibiotic Choices

Low Temperature
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments
Heart problems	Heart Problems Treatments

Lying in the Litterbox
Urinary tract infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Constipation	All About Constipation
Seeking comfort	Seeking comfort
M
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Meatloaf Position
Crashing	Intravenous Fluid Therapy
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid

Mouth Ulcers
Mouth ulcers	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis

Muscle Wasting, Especially in Back Legs
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
N
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Nasal Discharge
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments

Nausea
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Nausea	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments
Anaemia	All About Anaemia

Nosebleeds
Hypertension	All About Hypertension

Not Drinking
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Crashing	Intravenous Fluid Therapy

Not Urinating or Reduced Urination
Urinary tract infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Kidney infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Urinary tract blockage	Other Illnesses
Kidney stones	Kidney Stones Treatments
Acute kidney injury	Acute Kidney Injury Treatments
Side effect of cyproheptadine	Persuading Your Cat to Eat
End stage renal disease	End stage renal disease
Diabetes	Diabetes Treatments
O
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Obsession with Water
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances

Open Mouth Breathing
Fluid retentin/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
P
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Pacing
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Pain	Use of Painkillers
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid
Side effect of cyproheptadine (longterm use)	Persuading Your Cat to Eat
Side effect of mirtazapine	Persuading Your Cat to Eat

Pale Nose, Gums or Eyelids
Anaemia	All About Anaemia

Pawing at the Mouth
Mouth ulcers	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Dental problems	Dental Problem Treatments

Plantigrade Stance
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Diabetic neuropathy	Diabetic Treatments

Playing with Water Bowl
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances

Pooping Outside the Litter Tray
Constipation	All About Constipation

Pulling Out Hair
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Purring
Contentment	Just Enjoy!
Pain or discomfort	Use of Painkillers
R
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Red and/or Hot Ears
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Food allergies	Harpsie's Website

Reduced Urination
Urinary tract infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Kidney infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Urinary tract blockage	Other Illnesses
Kidney stones	Kidney Stones Treatments
Acute kidney injury	Acute Kidney Injury Treatments
Side effect of cyproheptadine	Persuading Your Cat to Eat
Diabetes	Diabetes Treatments
End stage renal disease	End stage renal disease

Restlessness
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Pain	Use of Painkillers
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach acid
Side effect of cyproheptadine (longterm use)	Persuading Your Cat to Eat
Side effect of mirtazapine	Persuading Your Cat to Eat

Retinal Changes
Hypertension	All About Hypertension

"Rubber Jaw"
Osteodystrophy	Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatments

Runny Eyes
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Dental problems	Dental Problem Treatments
S
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Seeking Out Warm Places
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments

Seeking Out Cool Places
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Seizures
High potassium levels	All About Potassium
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Use of Advantage for fleas	Flea Treatments

Shaking
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Waste Product Regulation
Low potassium levels	All About Potassium
High potassium levels	All About Potassium
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Vitamin B6 deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

Shaking, Especially Head
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals

Shaking During Subcutaneous Fluids
Type of fluid used e.g. Normosol	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
Using cold fluids	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips

Sitting Hunched Up
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Crashing	Intravenous Fluid Therapy

Sitting Up/Reluctance to Lie Down
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments

Skin Crackling
Air in the subcutaneous fluids line	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Sneezing
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Dental problems	Dental Problem Treatments
Side effect of cyproheptadine (longterm use)	Persuading Your Cat to Eat
Respiratory tract infection	Harpsie's Website

Sniffing Food, Then Walking Away
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Mouth ulcers	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances

"Spaced Out"
High potassium levels	All About High Potassium
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

"Squishy" Feeling
Air in the subcutaneous fluids line	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Staring into Space
High potassium levels	All About High Potassium
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

Stiff Neck
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins

Stilted Gait in the Front Legs
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances

Stroke
Stroke (usually caused by hypertension)	All About Hypertension

Stuffy Nose
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Dental problems	Dental Problem Treatments
Side effect of cyproheptadine (longterm use)	Persuading Your Cat to Eat
Respiratory tract infection	Harpsie's Website

Stumbling, Feet Crossing Over
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control

Sunken Eyes
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances

Swollen Legs, Face or Abdomen
Air in the subcutaneous fluids line	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
Proteinuria	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments
Nephrotic syndrome	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues

Swollen Leg (One)
Subcutaneous fluids settling in leg	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
T
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Teeth Grinding
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Dental problems	Dental Problem Treatments
Osteodystrophy ("rubber jaw")	Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatments

Trembling
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Waste Product Regulation
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
High potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Vitamin B6 deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

Trembling, Especially Head
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals

Trembling During Subcutaneous Fluids
Type of fluid used e.g. Normosol	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
Using cold fluids	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips

Trouble Breathing
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments

Trouble Holding Up Head
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins

Trouble Walking
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Diabetic neuropathy	Diabetes Treatments
Constipation	All About Constipation
Stroke (Hypertension)	All About Hypertension
Arthritis	Arthritis Treatments

Back Leg Weakness in One Leg Only
Arterial thromboembolism (Heart problem)	Arterial Thromboembolism Treatments

Twitching
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Waste Product Regulation
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
High potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Vitamin B6 deficiency	The Importance of B Vitamins
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

Twitching, Especially Head
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals

Twitching During Subcutaneous Fluids
Type of fluid used e.g. Normosol	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
Using cold fluids	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips

U
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Uneven Pupils
Hypertension	All About Hypertension

Ungainly Walk
Constipation	All About Constipation

Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems

Urinating Outside the Litter Tray
Urinary tract infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems

Urinating in Inappropriate Places
Inappropriate elimination	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Incontinence	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Urinary tract infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Kidney infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems
Diabetes	Diabetes Treatments
Constipation	All About Constipation
V
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Visiting Litter Tray More Often
Urinary tract infection	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Problems

Vomiting
Vomiting	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Use of certain antibiotics	Antibiotic Choices
Dehydration	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Vomiting After Drinking
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

Vomiting After Subcutaneous Fluids
Type of fluid used e.g. Normosol	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips

Vomiting Before, During or After Using the Litter Tray
Constipation	All About Constipation

Vomiting Blood
Gastrointestinal bleeding	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Mouth ulcers	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances

Vomiting Clear Foam
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

Vomiting "Coffee Grains"
Gastrointestinal bleeding	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Mouth ulcers	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances

Vomiting White Foam
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

W
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Walking Into Things (Furniture, Doors, Walls etc.)
Blindness (usually caused by hypertension)	All About Hypertension
Blindness (use of Baytril, an antibiotic (rare)	Antibiotic Choices

Walking on Hocks
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Diabetic neuropathy	Diabetic Treatments

Weakness
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Lack of food	Importance of Weight and Body Condition

Weakness in Back Legs
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Anaemia	Anaemia Treatments
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Diabetic neuropathy	Diabetes Treatments
Constipation	All About Constipation
Stroke (usually caused by hypertension)	All About Hypertension
Arthritis	Arthritis Treatments

Weakness in One Back Leg Only
Arterial thromboembolism (Heart problem)	Arterial Thromboembolism Treatments

Weight Gain
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Air in the fluids line	Subcutaneous Fluids Tips
Fluid retention/build-up	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Issues
Heart problems	Congestive Heart Failure Treatments
Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis Treatments

Weight Loss
Proteinuria	Regulation of Fluid and Urinary Imbalances
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroidism Treatments
Diabetes	Diabetes Treatments
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control

Wheezing
Anaemia	All About Anaemia

Wobbliness
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
Lack of food	Importance of Weight and Body Condition

Wobbliness in Back Legs
Low potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Anaemia	All About Anaemia
High phosphorus levels	The Importance of Phosphorus Control
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Diabetic neuropathy	Diabetes Treatments
Constipation	All About Constipation
Stroke (Hypertension)	All About Hypertension
Arthritis	Arthritis Treatments

Wobbliness in One Back Leg Only
Arterial thromboembolism (Heart problem)	Arterial Thromboembolism Treatments

Y
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

Yawning
Excess stomach acid	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid

Yellow or Orange Urine
Use of B Vitamin Complex	The Importance of B Vitamins

Z
Symptom and Possible Causes	More Information and Possible Treatments

"Zoning Out"
High potassium levels	Potassium Imbalances
Hypertension	All About Hypertension
Calcium imbalances	Regulation of Minerals
Uraemia (high toxin levels)	Regulation of Waste Product Imbalances
Metabolic acidosis	All About Metabolic Acidosis
Side effect of metoclopramide (rare)	Nausea, Vomiting, Appetite Loss and Excess Stomach Acid